Maven Basics for Automation Testing-1

 

Maven: Build Management Tool and Central Repository

Maven is a build management tool that centralizes project building and dependency management. It automates various aspects of the project lifecycle such as compiling code, running tests, packaging, and deploying applications.

Key Concepts:

1. Build Management:

   • mvn is the command-line tool for Maven, which manages all build-related activities in a project including:
     • Compile: Compiles the source code.
     • Run: Runs the compiled code.
     • Test: Executes tests.
     • Package: Packages the code into a distributable format (e.g., JAR file).
     • Install: Installs the package into the local repository.
     • Deploy: Deploys the package to a remote repository.

2. Compilation and Testing Process:

   • Takes all classes from src/test/java, compiles them to create .class files.
   • Runs tests to validate the code.
   • Packages the code into a JAR file.
   • Installs the JAR file into the local repository.
   • Deploys the JAR file into a remote repository.

3. Central Repository:

   • A central repository stores all necessary JAR files (e.g., Selenium, commons-io, TestNG, apache-poi).
   • These dependencies can be downloaded at runtime, eliminating the need to manually download and add JAR files to the project.
   • Example repository: Maven Repository.

Maven Repository:

• Provides access to various versions of libraries and tools, which can be added to your project using Maven.

Maven Project Creation:

Creating a Maven Project:

1. Through Eclipse (Preferred):
   • File > New > Other > Search for 'maven' > Select 'Maven Project' > Next > Select 'Create simple project' > Next.
   • Enter GroupId (e.g., com.hcl) and ArtifactId (e.g., SampleMavenProject) > Finish.

Project Structure:

• src/main/java: Contains main source code.
• src/test/java: Contains test source code.
• src/main/resources and src/test/resources: For configuration files, test data, drivers, etc.
• target: Directory where built artifacts are stored.
• pom.xml: Project Object Model file, central to Maven configuration.

pom.xml File:

The pom.xml file is where you define all dependencies, which Maven will download and add to your project automatically.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.hcl</groupId>
  <artifactId>SampleMavenProject</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
        <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
        <version>4.18.0</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

Adding Dependencies:

1. Selenium:

   
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
       <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
       <version>4.18.0</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. Commons-IO:

   
   <dependency>
       <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
       <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
       <version>2.13.0</version>
   </dependency>
   

3. TestNG:

   
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.testng</groupId>
       <artifactId>testng</artifactId>
       <version>7.0.0</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
   </dependency>
   

4. Apache POI:

   
   <dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
       <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
       <version>5.0.0</version>
   </dependency>
   

5. WebDriverManager:

   
   <dependency>
       <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
       <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
       <version>4.4.3</version>
   </dependency>
   

6. Extent Reports:

   
   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.aventstack</groupId>
       <artifactId>extentreports</artifactId>
       <version>4.1.0</version>
   </dependency>
   

7. Log4j:

   
   <dependency>
       <groupId>log4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
       <version>1.2.17</version>
   </dependency>
   

Verifying Dependency Installation:

• Check the "Maven Dependencies" folder in the project to ensure that the required JAR files have been added.
• Check the local repository (e.g., C:\Users\Lenovo\.m2\repository) to verify the downloaded JAR files.

Integrating Maven with Eclipse:

• Maven integrates easily with Eclipse through the installation of the Maven plugin.
• Maven plugins, like the Maven Surefire Plugin, can be used to run testng.xml files and maintain a common project folder structure.

By using Maven, you streamline the process of managing dependencies and building your Java projects, ensuring a standardized approach and reducing manual efforts.