Selenium Automation Testing using Java: Wrapper Classes

Wrapper Classes:

They can be used to convert fundamental (or) primitive Data type to Referenced data type(class)

ex: for each data type - corresponding pre-defined class

data types -- wrapper class

---------------------------------------------------

int --> Integer** (Class)

byte --> Byte (C)

short --> Short

long --> Long

float --> Float

double --> Double

char --> Character ** (not Char)

boolean ---> Boolean

ex: Convert int To IntegerClass

package WrapperClassBasics;

public class ConvertintToIntegerClass {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Wrapper classes -> int data type to Integer class obj

// Define i =10

int i = 10;

// Valueof(int val); pass int val --> Integer class obj

// passing int data type val and it converts into Integer class obj

Integer iref = Integer.valueOf(i);

System.out.println("iobj="+ iref);//iobj=10

// float to Float

// Define f = 10.45f;

float f = 10.45f;

// convert float val to Float

Float fref = Float.valueOf(f);

System.out.println("fobj="+ fref); // fobj=10.45

// HW convert long, double ... etc values to respective Wrapper classes

}

ex: Convert Integer Class To int Data type

// Integer class obj ---> int data type

package WrapperClassBasics;

public class ConvertIntegerClassTointDatatype {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// create Integer class obj and call intValue()

// Integer iref = 10;

Integer iref = new Integer(10);

// 10

int i = iref.intValue();

// 10

System.out.println("i="+ i);

// 10

//HW Convert Float class to float?

// create Float class obj & call floatValue()

Float fref = new Float(10.45f);

float f = fref.floatValue();

System.out.println("converting float class to float data type="+ f);

//converting float class to float data type=10.45

//HW convert Double class to double ?

//HW convert other reference data types to primitive data types ?

// Character -> char

//Boolean -> boolean

}

Java Coding Standards

1. Keywords in Lowercase:

All Java keywords must be written in lowercase.
Examples: class, public, static, void, etc.

2. Class Names:

Class names typically follow the PascalCase convention, where each word in the name starts with a capital letter. This is not mandatory, but it is a common practice.
Examples:
ConvertIntegerClassToIntDatatype,
String,
EmployeeDetails.

Exception names:

ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

NullPointerException

Wrapper classes can be used to

int --> Integer

Integer --> int

Character class :

Important methods in Character class:

isAlphabetic(ch);

isDigit('1')

package WrapperClassBasics;

public class CharacterClassMethods1 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// declare char variable ch ='a'

char ch = 'a';

// check isAlphabetic(ch): used to check given char is alphabet or not

// if given char is alphabet- it return true else false

boolean isalpha = Character.isAlphabetic(ch);

// 'a'

// true

//isalpha = true

System.out.println("isalpha="+isalpha);//true

// check the given char 'B' is alphabet or not

isalpha= Character.isAlphabetic('B');

// isalpha = true

System.out.println("isalpha="+isalpha);// true

isalpha= Character.isAlphabetic('1');

// false // as given char 1 is not alphabet

// isalpha = false

System.out.println("isalpha="+isalpha);//

isalpha= Character.isAlphabetic('*');// * is not alphabet and not digit

// * is special character

// false // as given char * is not alphabet

System.out.println("isalpha="+isalpha);// false

System.out.println("***********");

// isDigit('1'); can be used to check given char is digit

// if given char is digit, it returns true else false

boolean isDigit =Character.isDigit('1');

// true

System.out.println("isDigit= "+isDigit);// true

isDigit =Character.isDigit('a');

// no -- false

System.out.println("isDigit= "+isDigit);//false

isDigit =Character.isDigit('*');

// not a digit - false

System.out.println("isDigit= "+isDigit);// false

}

Ex2:

package WrapperClassBasics;

public class CharacterClassMethods2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Character

char ch= 'a';

// isLetter('A');- can be used to check given char is alphabet letter or not

// if given char is alphabet letter, it returns true else false

boolean isLetter= Character.isLetter('A');

// true

System.out.println("isLetter="+isLetter);// true

isLetter= Character.isLetter('a');

// true

System.out.println("isLetter"+isLetter);// true

isLetter= Character.isLetter('1');

// false

System.out.println("isLetter="+isLetter);//false

isLetter= Character.isLetter('@');

// false

System.out.println("isLetter="+isLetter);//

//*****************************************************

//isLetterOrDigit('A'); can be used to check given char is letter or digit

// if given char is letter or digit - returns true else fasle

boolean isLetterOrDigit = Character.isLetterOrDigit('A');

// 'A' it is letter = so it returns true

System.out.println("isLetterOrDigit="+isLetterOrDigit);// true

isLetterOrDigit = Character.isLetterOrDigit('3');

// 3 it is digit = it returns true

System.out.println("isLetterOrDigit="+isLetterOrDigit);// true

isLetterOrDigit = Character.isLetterOrDigit('*');

// * it is not letter /digit = it returns false

System.out.println("isLetterOrDigit="+isLetterOrDigit);// false

//*****************************************************

// check given char is lower case or not --> isLowerCase('A')

boolean isLowerCase = Character.isLowerCase('a');

// true else false // lower case- returns

// true

System.out.println("isLowerCase="+isLowerCase); // true

isLowerCase = Character.isLowerCase('A');

// true else false // not lower case- returns false

// isLowerCase = false

System.out.println("isLowerCase="+isLowerCase);//

isLowerCase = Character.isLowerCase('*');

// true else false // not lower case- returns false ????

System.out.println("isLowerCase ---> ="+isLowerCase);//

//*****************************************************

// HW isUppercase()

//HW Check D' is upper case or not

//HW check 'd' is uper case or not

// HW check '1' is upper case or not

// HW check '.' is upper case or not

//*****************************************************

// check given char is space or not -isSpace(' ')

boolean isSpace= Character.isSpace(' '); //

// true

System.out.println("isSpace="+isSpace);// true

isSpace= Character.isSpace('a'); //

// false

System.out.println("isSpace="+isSpace);//false

}

o/p:

isLetter=true

isLettertrue

isLetter=false

isLetterOrDigit=true

isLetterOrDigit=false

isLowerCase=true

isLowerCase=false

isLowerCase ---> =false

isSpace=true

isSpace=false

Coding Programs :

IP FAQ get Digits cnt from String and display all digits ?

String s = "ram(123).a";

o/p:

3 display numbers= 123

package WrapperClassBasics;

public class GetDigitsCountFromString {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// FAQ WAP to get digits Cnt ?

// String s = "ram(123).a";

String s = "ram3456sita";

// 0123456789

// get digits cnt 3 i.e 123

int digitsCnt = 0;

String numbers = "";

for(int i=0;i<=s.length()-1;i++)// i=0, 0+1=1

{ // 0<= 9 true-

// 1<= 9 true, enters for loop

char ch = s.charAt(i);

// 0 - r

// 1 - a

// System.out.println("ch = "+ ch);// r a m ( 1 2 3 ).a

// check given char is digit

boolean isDigit = Character.isDigit(ch);

// '3' -- true

if(isDigit)

{ // true

// get count

digitsCnt = digitsCnt + 1;

// 2 + 1

// 3

// digitsCnt = 3

numbers = numbers + ch;

// "12" + 3

// "123"

// numbers = "123"

}

System.out.println("Digits cnt from String ="+digitsCnt );

System.out.println("numbers from string ="+ numbers);

}

HW or using charArray()

package WrapperClassBasics;

public class GetDigitsCountFromStringUsingCharArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String s = "ram12sita";

char charr[] = s.toCharArray();

for(int i=0;i<=charr.length-1;i++)

{

System.out.println("values from arra="+charr[i]);

}

HW using split()

package WrapperClassBasics;

public class GetDigitsCountFromStringUsingCharArray {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String s = "ram12sita";

String [] sarr = s.split("");

for(int i=0;i<=sarr.length-1;i++)

{

System.out.println("values from arra="+sarr[i]);

}

HW IP: FAQ WAP to get Alphabets Cnt using isAlphbetic(ch) ;?

String s = "ram(123).a";

// 0123456789

// get alphbets cnt 4 i.e rama

HW IP: FAQ WAP to get Alphabets Cnt using char array ?

String s = "ram(123).a";

// 0123456789

// get alphabets cnt 4 i.e rama

char ch = s.charat(0);

HW IP: FAQ WAP to get Alphabets Cnt using split()?

IP FAQ HW get Special characters cnt from String and display special characters ?

String s = "ram(123).a";

o/p: (). 3

check given char is alphabet

check given char is digit

Hint 1:

if(! character.isAlphabetic(ch) || !Charcter.isDigit(ch))

{ // Special

}

else

{

}

Hint 2:

-------

isLetterOrDigit('A') - True

isLetterOrDigit('1') - True

isLetterOrDigit('(') - False -- Special char

---------------------

FAQ IP HW get UpperCase Count and display upper case letters ?

String s = "RAm(12).a";

2 ,

o/p: upper case cnt= 2 -- isUpperCase('A')

FAQ IP HW get lower case count and display upper case letters ?

String s = "rAm(12).a";

o/p: lower case cnt= 3 --> -- isLowerCase('A')

rma

Selenium Automation Testing using Java

Monday, August 12, 2024

Wrapper Classes

Java Coding Standards

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